Army ADP Study Guide Essay Example

Armed force ADP Study Guide Essay Example Armed force ADP Study Guide Paper Armed force ADP Study Guide Paper What ADP/ADRP covers The Army? ADP/ADRP 1 In which spaces do U.S. powers Operate? AirLandMaritimeSpaceCyberspace As an interesting military calling, the Army is based upon an ethos of trust. What are four other basic qualities of our calling? Military ExpertiseHonorable ServiceEsprit De CorpsStewardship What are the 11 Primary Missions of the U.S. Military? Counter psychological oppression and unpredictable warfareDeter and annihilation aggressionProject power regardless of hostile to get to/region forswearing challengesCounter weapons of mass destructionOperate successfully in cyberspaceOperate adequately in spaceMaintain a protected, secure, and compelling atomic deterrentDefend the country and offer help to common authoritiesProvide a balancing out presenceConduct steadiness and counterinsurgency operationsConduct compassionate, catastrophe alleviation, and different activities What is the most significant determinant of battle power? Authority What is the US Armys most noteworthy vital resource; giving profundity, flexibility, and unrivaled experience to the joint power? The all-volunteer power Title 10, USC, builds up the essential structure of the Army. What powers make up the Army? One Regular Army and two Reserve Components: the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard of the United States. Armed force Civilians bolster each of the three parts. What is the unction of the Operating Force? Working powers comprise of units composed, prepared, and prepared to send and battle. What is the capacity of the Generating Force? The producing power keeps an eye on, trains, prepares, sends, and guarantee the status of all Army powers. What five arrangements of qualities will improve the Armys operational versatility? Profundity and VersatilityAdaptive and InnovativeFlexibility and AgilityIntegrated and SynchronizedLethal and Discriminate What ADP/ADRP covers Operational Terms and Military Symbols? ADP/ADRP 1-02 Who is the main crowd of ADP 1-02, Operational Terms and Military Symbols? All individuals from the calling of arms. What is the motivation behind a typical arrangement of doctrinal terms and military images? Terms and images can convey a lot of data with a straightforward word, expression, or picture and dispose of the requirement for a protracted clarification of an intricate thought. What are the three regions of focal point of the expert language of land fighting? Guideline of SimplicityImportance of away from of showing the language. Military images fall into two classes: surrounded and unframed. What is the distinction? Confined military images incorporate unit, hardware, establishment, and movement images. Unframed military images incorporate control measure and strategic errand crucial. Who builds up Army strategy for creating doctrinal terms? US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) That regular operational picture is shown on a guide or another geological structure speaking to the zone of activities and which has been overlaid with military images. What does it incorporate? Neighborly and foe joins together or shipsBoundariesControl measuresOther components that the authority considers essential How are abbreviations generally framed? Abbreviations are generally framed from the underlying letters of a name or parts of a progression of words. What is a solitary presentation of significant data inside a commandants zone of intrigue custom-made to the clients prerequisites and dependent on normal information and data shared by more than one order? A typical operational picture What is correspondence concerning Operational Terms and Military Symbols? Correspondence is a trade of implying that is possibly finished when the expected significance is seen definitely by the target group Who can propose the creation, change, or end of any doctrinal term? Any Soldier may contact an advocate for a given branch of knowledge. The defender will think about the Soldiers proposition. What is the reason for abbreviations and shortened forms is the calling of arms? To permit the utilization of shorter renditions of doctrinal military terms for simplicity of conversation in talking and composing What ADP/ADRP covers Unified Land Operations? ADP/ADRP 3-0 t is the depiction of Unified Land Operations? Bound together land tasks depicts how the Army seizes, retrains, and abuses the activity to pick up and keep up a place of relative bit of leeway in supported land tasks through synchronous hostile, guarded, and steadiness tasks so as to forestall or deflect struggle, win in war and make the conditions for great compromise. What are the operational factors? The operational factors comprise of political, military, financial, social, data, framework, physical condition, time (known as PMESII-PT). What are the mission factors? The crucial comprise of strategic, landscape and climate, troops and bolster accessible, time accessible, common contemplations (Known as METT-TC) What is the Armys war-battling precept? Bound together Land Operations What is a progression of related significant tasks planned for chronicling vital and operational goals inside a given existence? A battle What is a military activity, comprising of at least two related strategic activities, intended to accomplish a vital target, in entire or to some degree? An activity What is a fight or commitment, utilizing deadly or nonlethal activities, intended for a particular reason comparative with the adversary, the landscape, neighborly powers, or other element? A strategic activity How are Army tasks described? Armed force activities are described by adaptability, incorporation, lethality, flexibility, profundity, and synchronization What is Operational Art? Operational workmanship is the quest for key destinations, in entire or to some extent, through the course of action of strategic activities in time, space, and reason. What is MDMP? The Military Decision Making Process. What is the reason for MDMP? It incorporates the exercises of the officer, staff, subordinate base camp, and different accomplices to comprehend the circumstance and mission; create, investigate, and think about blueprints; settle on game-plan that best achieves the strategic; produce an activity request or request for execution. What FM covers Detainee Operations? FM 3-63 What ADP/ADRP covers Stability? ADP/ADRP 3-07 What is Stabilization? Adjustment in a procedure in which faculty recognize and moderate hidden wellsprings of unsteadiness to build up the conditions for long haul soundness. What is the focal point of soundness undertakings? Distinguishing and focusing on the underlying drivers of instabilityBuilding the limit of neighborhood establishments What are wellsprings of insecurity? Diminished help for the legislature dependent on what local people really expect of their government.Increased support for hostile to government elements.The sabotaging of the ordinary working of society where the accentuation must be on an arrival to the set up standards. What are Stability assignments? Dependability assignments are errands led as a major aspect of tasks outside the US in a joint effort with different instruments of national capacity to keep up or restore a sheltered and secure condition and offer basic administrative types of assistance, crisis foundation reproduction, and philanthropic alleviation. What are the rules that establish the framework for long haul strength? Strife transformationUnity of effortLegitimacy and host-country ownershipBuilding accomplice limit What is a line of exertion? A line of exertion is a line that interfaces various assignments utilizing the rationale of direction instead of topographical reference to center endeavors toward building up operational and key conditions. What is a conclusive point? A definitive point is a geographic spot, explicit key occasion, basic factor, or capacity that, when followed up on, permits commandants to increase a checked favorable position over a foe or contribute tangibly to making progress. What is a dependability system? A solidness component is the essential strategy through which amicable powers influence regular people so as to accomplish conditions that help setting up an enduring, stable harmony. What is a thrashing instrument? An annihilation component is the technique through which well disposed powers achieve their strategic adversary resistance. What ADP/ADRP covers Fires? ADP/ADRP 3-09 What are the center skills of Fires? Air Defense ArtilleryField Artillery What are the basic abilities of Fires? Target AcquisitionTarget DiscriminationTarget Engagement What are the standards of Fires?

Little Women by Louisa May Alcott :: Louisa May Alcott, Little Women

It is fascinating that Louisa May Alcott composes Little Women, in which she consolidates her own emotions and encounters. Truth be told, Jo's character is a close to replication of Alcott herself. This makes the novel all the all the more intriguing and individual, with the creator talking legitimately through the hero. Alcott composes the novel from third individual constrained perspective, concentrating mostly on Josephine March. She builds up the characters splendidly all through the whole work, particularly the March young ladies. Every sister is totally exceptional, but then so firmly bound together through their adoration for each other. Little Women happens during the Civil War in an unassuming community in Massachusetts. The Marchs carry on with an existence of destitution with their dad in the war. Through this hardship, the young ladies: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, figure out how to be appreciative in all conditions and help those less blessed than themselves. The young ladies are exceptionally cheerful and dream of a more promising time to come. Every experience undertakings and seeks after her own fantasies. At long last, they are as yet assembled as one family, appreciative for their numerous favors and for one another. Josephine March is the hero, a boyish girl who will not submit to the conventional picture of ladyhood. This outlook is drastically not quite the same as a regular lady of her time. Jo has a natural energy for composing and writing all in all. Notwithstanding, she loses a lot of her tenacious free nature through wedding Professor Bhaer. She quits any pretense of composing as he is a noteworthy pundit of her style. The peruser is presented to two the significantly various sides of Jo March. She is defiant, red hot, and straightforward, wishing at the same time that she was a man who could battle in the war nearby her dear dad. Jo stresses and attempts to keep her family together, turning out to be amazingly vexed when Meg and Amy become hitched. With their dad missing, Jo accept the male job as a dad figure from numerous points of view. All things considered, her imperfections just make Jo a progressively adorable character. The peruser can't resist the opportunity to revere Jo for her sheer humankind, much like Huck in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Amy is the most youthful March sister. She is polite, masterful, and is viewed as the magnificence of the March family. Frequently fantasizing an existence of wealth and ubiquity, Amy's hunger for common delights speaks to the internal wants of man.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Stanford GSBs New Campus

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Stanford GSBs New Campus Thanks in part to a $105M gift from Nike founder and chairman Phil Knight (MBA 62), the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) has constructed a new $350M campus. The 360,000 square foot campus of the Knight Management Center, which opened in April 2011, expanded the schools existing campus footprint by 100,000 square feet. The extended campus is intended to allow the use of a wider variety of teaching methods and to increase interaction among students and faculty, including those from other Stanford University schools. There are 42 more small classrooms, 7 more large classrooms, 276 more seats in the auditorium and 60 more faculty offices. In addition to offering facilities for cross-disciplinary classes and lectures, the Knight Center is employing sustainable practices with respect to site development and the conservative use of water and energy. As a result, the GSB will seek LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Platinum certificationthe highest level of LEED certification granted by the U.S. Green Building Councilin recognition of the campus’s minimal environmental impact. To learn more about the Knight Center and the official launch, check out these slideshows and videos. For more information on  the Stanford GSB  or 14 other leading MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

How the President Is Elected - The Electoral Process

So you want to be president of the United States. You should know: Making it to the White House is a daunting task, logistically speaking. Understanding how the president is elected should be your first priority. There are volumes of campaign finance rules to navigate, thousands of signatures to gather across all 50 states, delegates of the pledged and unpledged varieties to glad-hand, and the dreaded Electoral College to deal with. If you’re ready to jump into the fray, let’s walk through the 11  key milestones  of how the president is elected in the United States. Step 1: Meeting the Eligibility Requirements Presidential candidates must be able to prove they are a â€Å"natural born citizen† of the U.S., have lived in the country for at least 14 years and are at least 35 years old. Being â€Å"natural born† doesn’t mean you have to have been born on American soil, either. If one of your parents is an American citizen, that’s good enough. Children whose parents are American citizens are considered â€Å"are natural born citizens,† regardless of whether they’re born in Canada, Mexico or Russia. If you meet those three basic requirements for being president, you can move on to the next step. Step. 2: Declaring Your Candidacy and Forming a Political Action Committee It’s time to get with the Federal Election Commission, which regulates elections in the United States. Presidential candidates must complete a â€Å"statement of candidacy† by stating their party affiliation, the office they’re seeking and some personal information such as where they live. Dozens of candidates complete these forms in every presidential election — candidates most Americans never hear and who are from obscure, lesser-known and unorganized political parties. That statement of candidacy also requires presidential hopefuls to designate a political action committee, an entity that solicits money from supporters to spend on television ads and other methods of electioneering, as their â€Å"principal campaign committee.† All that means is the candidate is authorizing one or more PACs to receive contributions and make expenditures on their behalf. Presidential candidates spend much of their time trying to raise money. In the 2016 presidential election, for example, Republican Donald Trump’s principal campaign committee — Donald J. Trump for President Inc. — raised about $351 million, according to Federal Election Commission records. Democrat Hillary Clinton’s principal campaign committee — Hillary for America — raised $586 million.    Step 3:  Getting on the Primary Ballot  In As Many States As Possible This is one of the most little-known details of of how the president is elected: To become a major party’s presidential nominee, candidates must go through the primary process in every state. Primaries are elections held by political parties in most states to narrow the field of candidates seeking the nomination to one. A few states hold more informal elections called caucuses. Taking part in primaries is essential to winning delegates, which is necessary to winning the presidential nomination. And to take part in the primaries, you’ve got to get on the ballots in each state. The entails presidential candidates collecting a specific number of signatures in each state — in bigger states they need hundreds of thousands of signatures — if they want their names to appear on the ballot. So the point is: every legitimate presidential campaign must have a solid organization of supporters in each that will work to meet these ballot-access requirements.  If they come up short in even one state, theyre leaving potential delegates on the table. Step 4:  Winning Delegates to the Convention Delegates are the people who attend their parties’ presidential nomination conventions to cast votes on behalf of the candidates who won the primaries in their states. Thousands of delegates attend both the Republican and Democratic national conventions to perform this arcane task. Delegates are often political insiders, elected officials or grassroots activists. Some delegates are â€Å"committed† or â€Å"pledged† to a particular candidate, meaning they must vote for the winner of the state primaries; others are uncommitted and can cast their ballots however they choose. There are also â€Å"superdelegates,† high-ranking elected officials, who get to support the candidates of their choice. Republicans seeking the presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries, for example, needed to secure 1,144 delegates. Trump crossed the threshold when he won the North Dakota primary in May 2016. Democrats seeking the presidential nomination that year needed 2,383. Hillary Clinton reached the goal in June 2016 following the Puerto Rico primary. Step 5:  Picking a Running-Mate    Before the nominating convention takes place, most presidential candidates have chosen a vice presidential candidate, the person who will appear on the November ballot with them. Only twice in modern history have the presidential nominees waited until the conventions to break the news to the public and their parties. The party’s presidential nominee has typically chosen his running mate in July or August of a presidential election years. Step 6:  Doing the Debates The Commission on Presidential Debates holds three presidential debates and one vice-presidential debate after the primaries and before the November election. While the debates typically don’t influence the outcome of elections or cause major shifts in voter preferences, they are critical to understanding where candidates stand on important issues and evaluating their ability to perform under pressure. A bad performance can sink a candidacy, though it rarely happens anymore because politicians are coached on their answers and have become skilled at skirting controversy. The exception was the first-ever televised presidential debate, between  Vice President  Richard M. Nixon,  a Republican,  and U.S. Sen.  John F. Kennedy, a Democrat, during the 1960 campaign. Nixons appearance was described as being green, sallow and he appeared to be  need of a clean shave. Nixon believed the first televised presidential debate to be just another campaign appearance and did not take it seriously; he was   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹pale, sickly looking and sweaty, an appearance the helped to seal his demise.  Kennedy knew the event was momentous and rested beforehand. He won the election. Step 7:  Understanding  Election Day What happens on that  Tuesday after the first Monday of November in a presidential election year is one of the most misunderstood facets of how the president is elected. The bottom line is this: voters do not directly elect the president of the United States. They instead choose electors who meet later to vote for a president. Electors are people chosen by the political parties in each state. There are 538 of them. A candidate needs a simple majority — votes from 270 of those electors — to win. States are allotted electors based on their population. The larger a states population is, the more electors is is allocated. For example, California is the most populous state with about 38 million residents. It also holds the most electors at 55. Wyoming, on the other hand, is the least populous state with fewer than 600,000 residents; it gets only three electors. According to the National Archives and Records Administration: â€Å"Political parties often choose electors for the slate to recognize their service and dedication to that political party. They may be state elected officials, state party leaders, or people in the state who have a personal or political affiliation with their partys presidential candidate.† Step 8: Picking Up Electors and Electoral Votes When a presidential candidate wins the popular vote in a state, he wins electoral votes from that state. In 48 out of 50 states, the successful candidates collects all electoral votes from that state. This method of awarding electoral votes is commonly known as winner-take-all. In two states, Nebraska and Maine, the electoral votes are distributed proportionally; they allocate their electoral votes to the presidential candidates based on which did better in each congressional district. While those electors are not legally bound to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state, it is rare for them to go rogue and disregard the will of voters. â€Å"Electors generally hold a leadership position in their party or were chosen to recognize years of loyal service to the party,† according to the National Archives and Records Administration. â€Å"Throughout our history as a nation, more than 99 percent of electors have voted as pledged.† Step 9:  Understanding the Role of the Electoral College Presidential candidates who win 270 or more electoral votes are called the president-elect. They don’t actually take office that day. And they can’t take office until the 538 members of the Electoral College gets together to cast votes. The meeting of the Electoral College takes place in December, after the election, and after state governors receive the â€Å"certified† election results and prepares   Certificates of Ascertainment for the federal government. The electors meet in their own states and then deliver the tallies to the vice president; the secretary of the Department of State in each state; the national archivist; and the presiding judge in the districts where the electors held their meetings. Then, in late December or early January after the presidential election, the federal archivist and representatives from the Office of the Federal Register meet with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House to verify the results. Congress then meets in a joint session to announce the results. Step 10: Getting Through Inauguration Day Jan. 20 is the day every aspiring president looks forward to. It is the day and time prescribed in the U.S. Constitution for the peaceful transition of power from one administration to another. It is tradition for the outgoing president and his family to attend the swearing-in of the incoming president, even if they are from different parties. There are other traditions, too. The president leaving office often write a note to the incoming president offering encouraging words and well wishes. Congratulations on a remarkable run, Obama wrote in a letter to Trump. Millions have placed their hopes in you, and all of us, regardless of party, should hope for expanded prosperity and security during your tenure. 11. Taking Office This, of course, is the final step. And then the hard part begins.

Liberal View of Human Nature - 764 Words

Assumptions about human nature in order to create social justice. According to Mill, social justice is â€Å"the idea that we can put in place a set of political institutions that will ensure the just distribution of benefits and costs throughout society.† In other words, social justice is in the hands of the government to create certain institutions that will greatly benefit everyone, and equally so. In order to do that, one must have an idea of the way human nature works so as to institute programs and such appropriately and properly. While there are several different theories and thoughts on the way human nature simply is, and how that effects our equality amongst each other, the bulk of it falls into two main categories, that is,†¦show more content†¦Two limiting provisos: -take no more than one can use without spoilage: â€Å"whatever is beyond this, is more than his share, and belongs to others† leave â€Å"enough, and as good for the others† -Money overcomes spoilage constraint, allows for inequality limited inequality justified because God gave the world â€Å"to the use of the industrious and the rational† Rosseau: â€Å"Moral inequality, authorized only by positive right, is contrary to natural right, whenever it is not combined in the same proportion with physical inequality, a distinction which determines sufficiently what we should think in this regard of the sort of inequality which reigns among all civilized peoples, since it is manifestly against natural law, no matter how it is defined, that a child gives orders to an old man, that an imbecile leads a wise man, and that a handful of men stuff themselves with superfluities while the starving crowds lack necessities -Two kinds of inequality: natural and moral/political Are they related? - â€Å"if those who command areShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Is Conservatism a Philosophy of Imperfection?1675 Words   |  7 PagesConservatism does not have one single viewpoint or stance on human nature or imperfection as Conservatism as a whole encompasses different strands or beliefs within it. For example One Nation conservatives have a different philosophy on human imperfection than New Right conservatives do. One Nation conservatives hold the belief that we as humans are: greedy and have a limited capacity for altruism, a complex mix of emotions and contradictory motivations making us irrational, not totally consistentRead MoreThe View of Human Nature and the Role of the State758 Words   |  4 PagesThe view of human nature and the role of the state: Human nature is difficult to define but can be summed up as the innate characteristics and traits that all human beings are born with, which is free from culture influence. What these characteristics and traits are, is often cause for debate as it is a general belief that these should apply to everyone. However the problem lies in the fact that no two humans are the same therefore reaching a unanimous decision on what human nature is, is nearRead MorePolitical Idelogies: Differences Between Liberalism and Conservatives1460 Words   |  6 PagesEquality, Freedom, Human nature and the role of the state to explain what I believe in and I would take my stance from there. I am wishing you a happy reading. It is very shocking for me that liberalism has been around since the fourteenth century. I wonder how that time must have been like. Liberals believe more in the individual and the desire to construct a society in which people can satisfy their interests and achieve fulfillment. Liberals have a more optimistic view of human nature. I believe thatRead MoreLiberal Ideas Of Equality And The Right Of Law1591 Words   |  7 PagesLiberal ideas of equality and the right of law may be normative to this current epoch but these ideas were considered radical at their time (Fielding et al. 2009, p. 127). Rising to prominence during the 18th century Enlightenment, liberal ideas has roots in the period of the protestant reformation in the 16th century, with ideas of increased importance and faith in the individual and his rationality in opposition to the central authority of the Catholic Church (Fielding et al., 2009, p. 106).Read MoreLiberalism is define by the desire to minimise the role of the state, discuss.1515 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual. The reason for this is due to the liberal’s view of human nature; they see the human being as unique and rational; able to make decisions in their best interest. Although all liberals agree on individual freedom, when it comes to the role of the state they are split down the middle. On one side there are the classic liberals who believe in as little state intervention as possible, and on the other side there is the modern liberals who believe state intervention is necessary as it can developRead MoreThe Five International Relations Theories, Realism, Liberalism, And Feminism1241 Words   |  5 Pagestend to believe the worst in humanity, that they are inherently selfish, and expect the worst. They are always prepared for war, and will go on the offensive if it means gaining more power and respect. Liberals do not think people are inherently selfish, but rather people are rational and moral. Liberals don’t want war, but will join if another state poses a threat, or has already attacked. The feminism theory does not pertain much to that of Realism and Liberalism, but more on the education of societyRead MoreLiberalism Is Defined by a Desire to Minimise the Role of the State890 Words   |  4 Pagesminimise the role of the state Liberalism’s view over the years has evolved and so as a result different liberals have different views on the state and how â€Å"large† it should be. Over the years the trend has fir liberals to become more â€Å"state-friendly† moving from classical liberals who preached for fragmented government to modern liberals who were state friendly, however since the 1960’s/70’s Neo liberals have tried to reverse this trend. Classical liberals such as John Locke, â€Å"the father of liberalism†Read MoreA Paper on Political Ideologies1636 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest potential. It believes that humans are reasonable beings and that they are entitled to equal freedom, legal and political rights, because they have equal dignity and worth. This Liberal view in particular was promoted by a key thinker Immanuel Kant. However, Liberals believe that humans should be rewarded according to their talents and willingness to work (Heywood, 2012). Liberals are divided into two main parties; the classic Liberals and the modern Liberals. One main difference between theRead MoreThe View Of The Utopian Vision902 Words   |  4 Pageslearning well as growth in human nature. Despite the fact that humans for the most part are selfish we have an ability to learn from our mistakes and grow from them and in this way the Tragic View encompasses the ideologies of both sides of the political spectrum. People from a left-wing often find it difficult coming to terms with recent discoveries of the modern sciences. They have a hard time abandoning their ideals, yet they cannot deny ticular innate parts of human nature. This could suggestRead MoreComparing The Traditionalist Approach Versus Liberal Approach989 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the traditionalist approach versus the liberal approach, I believe the most persuasive ideology is the liberal perspective. I am going to analytical break down the two viewpoints when it pertains to issues relating to values, security, and government intervention. I will also evaluate how traditionalist and liberals explain the world around them, evaluate issues, the typical demographics of the ideology, and the ideologies political program in order to explain why I believe they are

Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay - 629 Words

Throughout literature, relationships can often be found between the author of a story and the story that he writes, whether intentional or not. In Geoffrey Chaucers story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters on the pilgrimage make this statement evident with the tales that they tell. Such a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the Prologue to the Pardoners tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traits, the most prevalent is his greed. Throughout the prologue, the Pardoner displays his greed and even admits that the only thing he cares about is money: quot;I preach nothing†¦show more content†¦Although the Pardoner is extremely greedy, he continues to try and teach that quot;Avarice is the root of all evilquot; (6). He explains to the pilgrims how money is the root of all evil, and then he takes the money from them in exchange for forgiveness of their sins. This action could be seen in two ways. Perhaps the Pardoner is a very greedy, trecherous man, or perhaps Chaucer is trying to jab at Christianity by alluding to Christ. The characters in his tale display great hypocrisy as well. As the tale begins, the friends all act very trustworthy and faithful towards all of their friends. They nobly make a decision to risk their lives while trying to slay their friends murderer. As they talk about their challenge, they pledge quot;to live and die each of them for the other, / As if he were his own blood brotherquot; (241-242). At the end of the tale, the quot;brothersquot; begin to reveal their true nature. They all turn on each other in an attempt to steal the treasure for themselves. All of the loyalty, which they had pledged, was simply a lie and no faithfulness remained. While the two older quot;brotherquot; plotted to kill the younger, the younger quot;brotherquot; plotted quot;to kill them both and never to repentquot; (388). Thus, these so-called faithful quot;brothersquot; display their true ruthlessness and reveal their hypocrisy in relation to theShow MoreRelatedGeoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales1030 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a collection of several tales that are all told by different characters and all convey different messages. The story presented in the general prologue is that a group of pilgrims is traveling to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket, and during their journey they take turns telling tales and talking about themselves. Chaucer uses the pilgrims to express his beliefs, about religion, marriage, social class, and many other topics. One of the pilgrims is the MancipleRead MoreWomen In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales1288 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† is a collection of stories written between 1387 and 1400 about a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England) and on their way, they tell stories to each other about their lives and experiences. The stories constitute a critique of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church, while women seem to be presented in a different way than they are in other contemporary works. The aim of this essay is to presentRead MoreEssay on Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales1261 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Knight, Squire, Prioress, The Monk and the Friar are defined by their settings in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to The Canterbury Tales. 1. Portnoy says in his article in the Chaucer Review that The General Prologue is like a mirror reflecting the individuals appearance which then defines the character of that person.(281) 2. Scanlon backs up Portnoy in his article from Speculum by saying †¦Characters descriptions somehow emerge inevitably fromRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Experiences In the Canterbury Tales Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer describes the journeys and life lessons of thirty fictitious pilgrims. Scholars explain that only one of the thirty pilgrims was indeed Chaucer, but other characters in the Canterbury Tales represent the struggles of Chaucer as well. Although the pilgrims’ tales were pretend, they were based on actual events that Chaucer experienced throughout his lifetime. He represents his own insec urities and flaws throughout the array of the characters’ tales. SituationRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales777 Words   |  4 Pages The â€Å"Wife of Bath’s Tale,† emphasizing her prologue and the general prologue in Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, along with the story of Margery Kempe are examples of male authors reflecting misogynistic ideals onto unsuspecting female characters. When transitioning from Old English to Middle English culture, the role of women in literature takes a more prominent voice compared to Old English where women were offered little to no voice during the writings and manuscripts. Women were always portrayedRead MoreThe Worldview Of Society In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales793 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Time and tide wait for no man† (Chaucer). Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) was a man of creativity, a mind for artful thinking, and a soul full of poetic writing. Chaucer attended St. Paulà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Cathedral School where poets such as Virgil and Ovid strongly influenced Chaucers’ writings (Britannica). Chaucer in his book The Canterbury Tales depicts society as being corrupted and morally declined. Chaucers life of events such as his time as a prisoner of war (Biography.com) had impacted his outlook on theRead More The Pardoner as Symbol in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales2609 Words   |  11 PagesThe Pardoner as Symbol for the Pilgrims’ Unattainable Goals in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer’s work, The Canterbury Tales, paints a portrait of medieval life through the voices and stories of a wide variety of speakers. The people on the Pilgrimage tell their stories for a wide range of reasons. Each Tale is told in order to accomplish two things. The Tales provoke their audience as much as they are a kind of self-reflection. These reactions range from humor, to extremeRead MoreFrame Characteristics In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses frame narratives to incorporate the many stories of pilgrims. The author, Geoffrey Chaucer, also known as the â€Å"Father of English Literature,† writes these little stories to mirror his inquisitive language and use of cunning and satirical passion. The tale takes place in the fourteenth century where the wealthy Catholic Church dominates the political scene of England. This story describes twenty-nine individuals who are going on a pilgrimag e to Canterbury withRead MoreThe Pardoner, a Symbol of Greed in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales616 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s famous medieval classic, The Canterbury Tales, offers its readers a vast array of characters. This God’s plenty features numerous unique and challenging individuals, but there is one specifically who stands out as particularly interesting. The immoral Pardoner, who, in a sense, sells away his soul for the sake of his own avarice, puzzles many modern readers with his strange logic. Already having laid his considerable guilt upon the table, this corrupted agent of the Church attemptsRead MoreCorruption and Hypocrisy in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales981 Words   |  4 PagesIn Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the prioress’s behavior can be interpreted as being part of the change occurring within religious institutions, which were changing to allow for freedom of thought and individual choice, as the nun does when she takes the liberty of customizing her fine garb by wearing it with beads and a gold brooch. The nun is one of the first characters to be given a name and as such is identified as being an individual, and not just seen as being a nun. The nun’s deviation

The constitution of Ukraine free essay sample

The acceptance of a new fundamental law of Ukraine on the 28th of June 1996 became an of import event in the life of the people of Ukraine. Our state has long-standing constitutional traditions. The first Constitution of Ukraine was written by hetman Philip Orlyk in 1710. Bing the first fundamental law in Europe it was noteworthy for its profound democracy. The experience of Ukrainian people # 8217 ; s democracy ( 1918 ) played a important function in the constitutional procedure. The fundamental law of the Ukrainian people # 8217 ; s republic approved by the Centralna Rada is the incarnation of the statehood rules of Ukraine. On the 24th of October 1990 the constitutional committee was appointed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The bill of exchange fundamental law was written during the first phase of its readying ( 1990 # 8211 ; 1993 ) . It was logically and juridically completed during the 2nd phase ( 1994 # 8211 ; 1996 ) . The bill of exchange fundamental law was published and went through nation-wide treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on The constitution of Ukraine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the 28th of June 1996 the Constitution was confirmed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Common to all world rules of democracy are embodied in the Constitution. The basic economic, societal, cultural, public and political rights are guaranteed by the Constitution. Harmonizing to the Constitution of Ukraine is a autonomous, independent, democratic, societal and juridical province. Territorial unity and inviolability of Ukraine are proclaimed in the Cons titution. The power in Ukraine belongs to people. It is exercised through democratic elections and referendums and by province authorities organic structures and self-government establishments. The signifier of province authorities is a democracy. The caput of province is the president. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is the highest legislative organic structure in the state. The rules of economic, political and ideological multiformity are proclaimed in the Constitution. All citizens have equal rights. Peoples are proclaimed to be the greatest societal value in Ukraine. These and other ordinances are in turn developed in the chapters of the Constitution. The best national traditions are embodied in the Constitution, it creates the legal bases of ordinance of societal dealingss. Adoption # 8211 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; long-standing # 8211 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; noteworthy # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; profound # 8211 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; experience # 8211 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; important # 8211 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; O.K. # 8211 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; incarnation of the statehood rules of Ukraine # 8211 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1059 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; appoint # 8211 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; bill of exchange # 1101 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; nation-wide # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1100 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; confirm # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; mankind # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; Harmonizing # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; Integrity # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; Elections # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; Regulation # 8211 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ;

The Thirty-Nine Steps Essay Example

The Thirty-Nine Steps Paper How does John Buchan create suspense in the book The Thirty-Nine Steps? The Thirty Nine Steps by John Buchan is about a man who has to escape London to find the real criminals behind a political assassination. The author throughout the story uses many techniques to create suspense through using the main character Richard Hannay. In the first chapter sets the scene by giving some background history of Hannays life before he gets a visit for Scudder. Buchan in the first few pages of the book is already creating the feeling of suspense when Hannay and Scudder meet outside Hannays flat. The line, Is the door locked? He asked feverishly. This gives me the image that Scudder is really nervous. I feel this creates the impression that something quite serious is going on and that the rest of the story is also going to be exciting. Buchan ends the chapter quite suddenly by finishing with, My guest was lying sprawled on his back. There was a long knife through his heart which skewered him to the floor I feel this ending made it very clear that the man who had confided in Hannay had been killed and left me wondering what was going to happen next in the story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second chapter deals more with the thoughts of Hannay, who is devising a plan to try and leave London. He does this by stealing the uniform of a milkman. Hannay way gives exact details of timing, six thirty passed, then six forty and At one minute after the quarter to seven. I feel that the exact details of timing keeps the reader involved in the story as it creates a much stronger feeling of suspense and what will happen next. As Hannay sets out to travel to Scotland his decides he must disguise his voice so that he wont be caught out, in my broadest Scots. I feel this continues the deception of Hannay trying to hide from the Police and it also adds to the suspense that he may be caught out at any time and wont be able to stop the political assassination that is about to happen. As Hannay is in a manhunt in Scotland is becoming scared, Crouching low in the tunnels of the bog, I ran till the sweat blinded my eyes. This shows that Hannay is now becoming scared and he could be found at any time. Throughout the story Hannay fools the people he meets and causes suspense because I wonder if the people will believe his story. I pitched him a lovely yarn Hannay had been told lies by Scudder when been told about his situation. The little man told me a pack of lies I feel this created suspense because Hannay is now lost and if it wasnt for Scudders notebook he would have to give himself in. After Hannay is nearly caught by a policeman, I felt that he had no longer any who could help him, it was as if it was him against everyone. my friends at the inn had come to the understanding, and we were united in desiring to see more of me. Then follows an action packed section of the story. The plane that found him before finds Hannay and then he crashes the car and his nearly killed. This gave great suspense as I was faced with the idea that he might be killed at any time, and he would not be able to stop the political assassination that was about to happen. When Hannay spots his enemies in the hills of Scotland he begins to think clearly. He thinks of the time he changed roles with the milkman when he was trying to leave London and thinks he must do the same now. He spots a road worker and swaps role with him. Ill take on your job for a bit and see the surveyor. Here Hannay who was seconds away from death he still managed to think clearly which created suspense. Hannay is starting to struggle with hiding from his pursuers. My lack of local knowledge might very well be my undoing. By showing that Hannay was struggling, I feel that Buchan is building the reader for an exciting ending, which then creates suspense. After Hannay has found safety in the house of an old man he realises that he has made a big mistake. After being locked in a room that hid him from the men who where chasing him, he found himself held at gunpoint. I turned, and saw two men-servants who had me covered with pistols. I think this action packed section of the story has made the story far more exciting as I wondered if Hannay would be killed or would he escape and tell of the political assassination that is about to happen. Hannay realised that he had to get away. I was doing an experiment as simple as Gut Fawkes fireworks. His small knowledge of explosives might just let him escape. In this part of the story great suspense was created here. I wondered would Hannay blow himself up or manage to escape. After managing to escape he headed for a hideout. I feel at this stage in the story that Hannay might actually get free. The final section of the story is action packed when he finds out where he will be able to meet the enemy and find out their plans for the political assassination. Thirty-nine steps-I counted them-High tide, 10. 17pm. I was now very much interested as Buchan as built the story about this section. I also became interested in the story as I thought to myself Hannay might now save the day. As Hannay begins to figure out what the thirty-nine steps are, I become more positive that he would save the day. I felt that there was a lot of suspense here so Buchan could give the ending a maximum impact. When Hannay burst in on the group of criminals he thought he had made a terrible mistake but he noticed that he had seen on of the men from when he was held at gunpoint. I had stood before him in the moor land farm, with pistols of his servants behind me. Everything had now fallen in to place and I knew Hannay would catch the group of criminals. Hannay and his troops chased them and caught them. I feel that John Buchan has succeeded in creating suspense through use of the main character Richard Hannay. Which I thought made the story action packed and interesting.

Understanding the Argument Against Eating Veal

Understanding the Argument Against Eating Veal Veal is the meat from young calves (as opposed to beef, which is the meat from adult cows). Along with foie gras and shark fins, veal has a bad reputation because of the extreme confinement and cruelty involved in the way veal calves are raised on factory farms. From an animal rights perspective, eating calves violates the calves right to freedom and life, regardless of how well they are treated when they are being raised. As far as animal activists are concerned, theres no right way to eat veal. Mistreatment and Early Slaughter Veal is meat that comes from the flesh of a slaughtered calf (young cow). It is known for being pale and tender, which is a result of the animal being confined and anemic. Typically, instead of living on his mothers milk, the calf is fed a synthetic formula that is intentionally low in iron to keep the animal anemic and keep the flesh pale. The calves used in veal production are a by-product of the dairy industry. Adult female cows used in dairy production are kept pregnant in order to keep up their milk supply. The males who are born are useless because they do not make milk and they are the wrong breed of cow to be useful in beef production. About half of the female calves will be raised to become dairy cows like their mothers, but the other half are turned into veal. Calves destined to become veal spend most of their eight-to-sixteen-week lives confined to small wooden or metal cages known as  veal crates. This prison is barely larger than the calfs body  and too small for the animal to turn around. Calves are also sometimes tethered so that they dont move around too much, which keeps the flesh tender. Fortunately, veal crates have been banned in some states including California, Arizona, and Maine. Bob and Slink Veal Bob veal and slink veal come from newborn calves which were just a few days or weeks old at slaughter. Slink and slink veal comes from unborn, premature, or stillborn calves. Unborn calves are sometimes found when an adult cow is slaughtered and happens to be pregnant at the time of slaughter. Meat from unborn calves is now illegal for human consumption in the U.S., Canada, and some other countries, but their hides are used for boots and upholstery and their blood is used for science. As crates are being phased out, bob veal is gaining in popularity. Without the confinement of a crate, the calves move around and their muscles toughen. Because the calves slaughtered for bob veal are so young, their muscles have not yet developed and are very tender, which is considered desirable. Is humane veal a real commodity? Some farmers now offer humane veal, meaning meat from calves that are raised without veal crates. While this addresses some peoples concerns about veal, animal advocates tend to believe that humane veal is an oxymoron. From an animal rights perspective, it doesnt matter how much room the calves have before they are slaughtered- theyre still slaughtered! The animal rights goal is not to give the calves more room or to feed them a more natural diet, but for people to stop eating these meats altogether and switch to a  vegan lifestyle.

God-Centered Identity in a Me-Centered Culture Essay

God-Centered Identity in a Me-Centered Culture - Essay Example However, lip service from believers in stating their belief in God is never enough, as God requires the total translation of passion in his word and actions. In the event of God’s intervention to most situations of that human command His presence, people continue speaking of His greatness, but in normal situations, belief in God is just an assertive statement. This controversy between the saying and the actual belief of God in human lives dictates the direction of life that individuals have and their conception of spiritual identity. An assessment of the literature on spiritual identity God, Freedom and Human Dignity: Embracing a God-Centered Identity in a Me-Centered Culture by Ron Highfield comprehend if God’s embodiment in human life restricts spiritual freedom and diminishes human spiritual dignity. Assessment of the Literature Development of a Me-centered Culture In the process of development from childhood to adulthood, humans experience transitions in their self- identification processes. In the phase of childhood, children are never concerned about their role and impact in their society. Children are also never worried concerning the relationships they build with themselves and with others. In terms of spirituality, children freely follow their parents or guardians and conform to the teachings approved and certified by them. However, the transition into teenage hood makes the mind of one conscious about the decisions, activities and relationships development. This phase enables humans to understand their preferential habitual traits, beliefs and specific interests that results into talents. â€Å"The choices and actions chose during the teenage phase dictate the king of life that one maintains in adulthood† (Ron 17). Perception of God in Modern Self-Identity Culture Changes in modernity have transpired the self-identification process that enabled humans to discover and ascertain if their life preferences are worth the journey. Conven tional cultures allowed an individual to be authentic and experience life fulfillment by adhering to the natural and socially allocated relationships and roles. One was expected to conform to the terms and regulations provided by the seniors. Responsibilities were also implicated upon people, hence just conforming to their role in life development. However, the advent of modern culture has changed the perception of self-identity. Deep assessment concerning self worth are expounded to enable a human decide on the aspect that he or she will live with. Happiness is also considered as an aspect of helping people reconstruct themselves to the kind of life they would like to live. These strongly advocate for the denial of imposition of social relationships since one would end up building a fake identity not proposed by his or her expectations. According to Ron, this assessment of life reconstruction through identity creates the self me-centered phenomenon. Creating an appropriate me-cente red identity advocates for will power by rejecting the imposition of conferring social relationships. This phenomenon is responsible for clouding oppression and resentment of certain issues when confronted to a person. Self-identity makes one conscious of the role of religion, traditions, and morality among other things in his or her life. Self-identity makes one decide freely on the spiritual journey to follow, habitual traits to adopt but at the same time threatens

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Business law - Essay Example When dealing with fraud, reliance refers to the fact that one party would not have entered into the agreement that constitutes the fraud if the other party had not made the misrepresentation or made the silent fraud (Clarkson, Miller and Cross 157). In the case at hand, the material fact was the overstated inventory, and the reliance was the decision by ABC to purchase the company on June 1. Despite the fact that Zulu discovered the overstatement of the inventory 15 days after the financial statements have been presented, and ABC Corporation discovered the overstatement after purchasing the company, silent fraud had still been committed. ABC can prove silent fraud since it can prove that, prior to the purchase, Zulu failed to disclose a material fact, Zulu had actual knowledge of the material fact and the failure by Zulu to disclose the material fact gave caused ABC Corporation to have a false impression and, therefore, buy the company. ABC Corporation can also prove that, when Zulu failed to disclose the material fact, which is the overstatement of inventory, they knew that ABC Corporation would have a false impression and/or they intended ABC Corporation to have a false impression. ABC Corporation can also prove that they rel ied on the false impression to make the decision, and as a result of the decision made, ABC Corporation suffered a loss (Clarkson, Miller and Cross

Problems Facing Leader in Multinational Organization Essay Example for Free

Problems Facing Leader in Multinational Organization Essay Abstract This research suggests that there is a lack of congruence between the Iranian Institutes of Higher Education culture and the faculties desired culture. This conclusion is based on empirical data that indicate that faculties believe that they operate on a day-to day basis in a profession whose culture is characterized by an overarching desire for stability and control, formal rules and policies, coordination and efficiency, goal and results oriented, and harddriving competitiveness. Emphasizing this lack of cultural congruence, the respondents of this study also indicated that the faculties culture should be one that emphasizes flexibility, discretion, participation, human resource development, innovation, creativity, risk-taking, and a long-term emphasis on professional growth and the acquisition of new professional knowledge and skills, which is more aligned with the universities strategic external environment. One of the principal reasons for the popular interest in the study of organizational culture is to determine the linkage between it and organizational performance (Berrio, 2003). This study has reviewed a previously assumed but unverified connection between organizational culture and leadership styles. It has uncovered a lack of congruence between the dominant type of organizational culture and leadership styles. This observed lack of congruence may be inhibiting performance and unconsciously perpetuating a cycle of caution and an over reliance on stability and control. Key words: Organizational culture- Leadership styles-Higher education 1.Introduction An examination of the literature in the fields of organizational culture and leadership finds that the two areas have been independently linked to organizational performance. For example, researchers have examined the links between leadership styles and performance (see Bycio et al., 1995), and also  between organizational culture and performance (see Kotter and Heskett, 1992). Furthermore, numerous aspects of the organizational culture literature allude to the role of leaders in ‘creating’ and ‘maintaining’ particular types of culture (for example, Schein , 1992). Equally, the literature on leadership suggests that the ability to understand and work within a culture is a prerequisite to managerial effectiveness. However, despite the implicit and explicit linking of culture and leadership in many parts of organization theory, little critical research attention has been devoted to understanding the links between the two concepts and the impact that such an association might have on managerial effectiveness. The absence of critical literature exploring the effectiveness implications of the links between organizational culture and leadership is surprising given the numerous references to the importance of the two concepts in the functioning of organizations (see, Schein, 1992). The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the links between different types of organizational culture, a range of leadership styles and managerial effectiveness. This is achieved through the presentation of the results of a cross sectional survey of leadership style, organizational culture, and managerial effectiveness across nine universities in Iran. The paper begins with a brief review of the literature on organizational culture and leadership. This is followed by a discussion of the methodology adopted for the study and the presentation of the findings and analysis of responses to questionnaire exploring the links between the two concepts and managerial effectiveness. The evidence demonstrates t hat the relationship between leadership style and effectiveness is mediated by cultural congruence. In the final part of the paper, the conclusions and implications of the study are highlighted. As more and more universities enter into new arrangements in 21st century, the need to assess organisational cultures becomes more important .The term ‘organisational culture’ has proved difficult to define, but several of its important components are agreed on by most researchers. These include the norms, perspectives, values, assumptions and beliefs shared by organisational members. Due to the abstract nature of these elements, there is a considerable challenge for external researchers who want to assess organisational culture. It is even difficult for members of an organization to describe their own culture. Cameron and Freeman (1991, p.31) use the old  proverb â€Å"Fish discover water last† to illustrate the problem of assessing culture among those immersed in it. The aim of this study is to provide insight into the construct of culture and its relationship with leadership styles in the context of higher education institutions , and to discuss competing values framework as one of approaches to measurement of culture. The paper starts with a discussion on how the concept of organisational culture is understood in the setting of higher education institutions, and is followed by a brief introduction to the tradeoffs between qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess culture. Based on the basic psychometric requirements for measuring culture, this study concludes by identifying some of the implications of selecting or designing instruments for assess cultural differences in higher education institutions. 2.Organizational Culture and Leadership Styles Before attempting to describe the content of organizational culture, one should first know the concept of organisational culture. Organizational culture has been criticized as being conceptually weak, since it has been defined in many ways (Jelinek et al., 1983) and each definition emphasizes a particular focus or level. Since Schein (1992) published the book Organisational Culture and Leadership, more researchers have recognized culture as a multidimensional and multilevel concept. Schein describes three levels of culture. The first level consists of visible organisational structures and actions, such as dress code, facilities and procedures. This level of culture can be easily observed. The second level consists of espoused values manifested in the public images of organisations, such as strategies, goals, and philosophies. While not as visible as the artefacts present in the first level, these values can be ascertained by norms, the way things are done in the organisation. The third level consists of basic assumptions, or unconscious beliefs, perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. These determine both behaviour norms (the way people should behave) and organisational values (the things that are highly valued). According to Buono and Bowditch (1989, p.137-139), the visible elements created by an organization on the first level are treated as objective organizational culture, while the elements on the second and the third levels are concerned with subjective organizational culture. Most researchers agree that subjective culture is more important as a significant determinant of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours, and it thus provides a more distinctive basis for characterizing and interpreting similarities and differences among people in different organizations. On this understanding, university culture as a particular form of organisational culture can be defined â€Å"as the collective, mutually shaping patterns of norms, values, practices, beliefs, and assumptions that guide the behaviour of individuals and groups in an institute of higher education and provide a frame of reference within which to interpret the meaning of events and actions on and off campus† (Kuh Whitt, 2000, p.16 2). While the term organisational culture is used as if an organisation has a monolithic culture, most organisations have more than one set of beliefs influencing the behaviour of their members (Morgan, 1986; Sathe, 1985). Cultural diversity appears to be more obvious in higher education institutions (Kuh Whitt, 2000, p.161). The ‘small homogenous society’ analogues used in anthropological studies of culture is sorely strained when applied to many contemporary institutions of higher education. Large public, multipurpose universities are comprised of many different groups whose members may or may not share or abide by all of the institution’s norms, values, practices, beliefs, and meanings. Instead of viewing colleges and universities as monolithic entities, it is more realistic to analyze them as multicultural contexts that are host to numerous subgroups with different priorities, traditions, and values (Kuh Whitt, 2000 p.161) . This study pays particular attention to academic staff and specifically those engaged at the departmental level. Therefore, from the perspective of this paper, the culture refers to values, beliefs, and assumptions developed within an academic department by academic staff and  those who manage academics through joint experiences over long periods of time. Nevertheless, disciplinary identity is not the sole source of the culture shared by academic staff members within an academic sub-unit. It is also subject to a variety of circumstances, such as national context, professional culture and organisational character (Austin, 1992; Clark, 1983, p.75; Và ¤limaa, 1998). 3.A Review of the CVF Model and the Study Methodology An Overview of the Competing Values Framework (CVF) Model The Competing Values Framework (CVF) evolved from the work of Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981, 1983) as they attempted to circumscribe the elusive definition for a generally agreed upon theoretical framework of the concept of organizational effectiveness. This framework was chosen for this study because it was experimentally derived and found to have a high degree of face and empirical validity. Additionally, the CVF was identified as having a high level of reliability matching or exceeding that of other instruments commonly used in the social and organizational sciences (Cameron and Ettington, 1988; Cameron and Quinn, 2006; Berrio, 2003). The four quadrants of the framework, representing the four major cultural types: clan, adhocracy, market, hierarchy, provide a robust explanation of the differing orientations and competing values that characterize human behavior. The richness provided by the CVF is based on its ability to identify the basic assumptions, orientations, and values of each of the four cultural types. These three elements comprise the core of organizational culture. â€Å"The OCAI, therefore, is an instrument that allows you to diagnose the dominant orientation of your own organization based on these core culture types. It also assists you in diagnosing your organization’s cultural strength, cultural type, and cultural congruence† (Cameron and Quinn,2006, p. 33). In their research concerning organizational effectiveness, Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981, 1983) statistically analyzed 39 indicators of organizational effectiveness as identified by Campbell, et al, (1974). Quinn and Rohrbaugh’s analysis resulted in the bifurcation of the 39 effectiveness criteria between two major dimensions. The first dimension, which is labeled the â€Å"Structure† dimension, differentiates the organizational effectiveness criteria between those that emphasize flexibility, discretion, and dynamism and those that  emphasize stability, order, and control. The second dimension, which is labeled the â€Å"Focus† dimension, differentiates the organizational effectiveness criteria between those that emphasize internal orientation, integration, and unity and those effectiveness criteria that emphasize an external orientation, differentiation, and rivalry (Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1981 and 1983; Cameron and Quinn, 2006). Within each of these two dimensions there is also a third set of values, which produces an emphasis ranging from organizational processes, such as planning and goal setting at one end of the spectrum, to an emphasis on results, such as resource acquisition at the other end. Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981) labeled this third set of values as the organizational â€Å"Means –Ends† continuum. The two primary dimensions differentiating between organizational values emphasizing â€Å"Structure† and â€Å"Focus† produce four clusters of effectiveness criteria as depicted in Figure 1. The â€Å"Structure† axis is represented 100 by the â€Å"Flexibility – Control† continuum, while the â€Å"Focus† axis is represented by the â€Å"People – Organization† continuum in Figure 1 . Within each of these four quadrants the relevant â€Å"Means – Ends† values are enumerated.

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK :: Papers Government Voting

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK There are three main proportional representation systems that have been developed that try to ensure that party’s seats are earned more proportionally. The use of the Single Transferable Vote, List and Additional Member systems has changed UK politics, effecting representation, governance, policy and parties alike. The Single Transferable Vote system, which is very complex, is used in Northern Ireland for all but the UK election. It has helped widen representation and improve democracy. It has long worked with on the whole beneficial results in the Republic of Ireland (as we have seen), a country which had previously shared at least a part of the British parliamentary tradition. The Additional Members System (AMS) came about in 1998 as so did the Scottish Parliament due to the 1998 referendum which led to the Devolution Act. In 1999 and 2003 the conservatives received 18 seats through the List vote under AMS, giving them a much fairer representation of their support nationally in Scotland. The AMS in the welsh assembly has enabled more choice and consequently 50% of the welsh assembly’s members are female, the first democratically elected legislature to be able to say that. These results in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have reduced the probability of a single party gaining complete control of the legislative organizations which use these proportionally representative systems, therefore avoiding the single party dominance or even electoral dictatorship linked with first past the post system. Labour won 28 seats in the Welsh assembly in 1999, 3 short of an overall majority, meaning they had to form a coalition government with the Lib Dems, much to the Lib Dems satisfaction, as they support AMS for this very reason – it means a much less dominant party and so a government for the people and not the party. In Scotland a very similar case occurred with again falling short of a majority and again forming a coalition government with the lid Dems. The use of AMS & the resultant coalitions in Scotland & in Wales

Profile And Indicators In Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay

Bettering the quality of life is a cardinal end for developing states. To carry through this, it is necessary to better wellness of kids, through achieving enhanced endurance results in the first topographic point. Developing states today, with increasing populations, need to concentrate on this more than of all time. One of the greatest jobs faced is that of utmost poorness – people populating below the poorness line who struggle for survival every twenty-four hours. This paper focuses on analyzing the comparative importance of socio-economic factors that play independent functions on endurance chance for babies, which should supply constructive information to authoritiess in order to assign resources expeditiously and make the development ends. An analysis is carried out on the impact of different variables on infant mortality, and the consequences are collected utilizing informations from over the past two decennaries, from 1990 to 2009.An overview of Health profile and Indexs in Pakistanâ€Å" The wellness profile of Pakistan is characterized by high population growing rate, high baby and child mortality rate, high maternal mortality ratio, and a double load of catching and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition, diarrhea, acute respiratory unwellness, other catching and vaccine preventable diseases are chiefly responsible for a high load of baby and antenatal mortality, while high maternal mortality is largely attributed to a high birthrate rate, low skilled birth attending rate, illiteracy, malnutrition and deficient entree to exigency obstetric attention services. † ( Health System Profile Pakistan, 2007 ) For case, it is noted that merely 40 % of births are attended by skilled birth attenders. Additionally, malnutrition is widespread in the state, with 30-40 % of the kids being stunted due the deficiency of equal diet. Malnutrition really accounts for about half child deceases every twelvemonth ( Health System Profile Pakistan, 2007 ) . Therefore, investings in wellness sector are considered as an built-in portion of Pakistan authorities ‘s poorness relief attempts. Harmonizing to the Economic Survey of Pakistan ( 2009-2010 ) , there has been a conspicuous betterment in some wellness indexs over the old ages, but Pakistan still ranks ill among others. The National Health Policy of Pakistan ( 2009 ) aims to better the wellness indexs of the state, by presenting basic wellness services, garnering accurate wellness information to direct plan effectivity, and doing tactical usage of the lifting engineering ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . A figure of plans are in advancement to heighten the overall wellness position by bettering wellness attention and increasing the coverage of wellness attention to assist accomplish the MDGs. Particular attending is being given to the preparation of nurses and several preparation centres are already in operation. This is being done with the end of supplying basic wellness attention services to those who have ne'er had entree to any signifiers of primary wellness attention. The reported figure of registered nurses in Pakistan amounted to 69, 313 in the twelvemonth 2009. ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Yet, when placed to international comparing, the position of betterment in wellness in Pakistan is assorted. Compared to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, for case, Pakistan ‘s infant mortality rate is higher. Similarly, other indexs show that much more advancement would hold to be made compellingly for farther betterment ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Although there have been betterments in Pakistan, they are non on par with other developing states.Child wellness, Nutrition, Health hazard factors and MortalityThe Ministry of Health manages the wellness attention system in Pakistan. Child wellness is dependent on assorted factors, such as instruction of parents, income, beginning of clean H2O and improved sanitation installations, figure of child wellness attention Centres and the extent of preparation among wellness workers. The features specifically act uponing baby and child mortality can be classified into single, family and community features ( Islam-Ud-Din, 6 ) . Individual features could be the parents ‘ age at matrimony, age at first birth, income, business and instruction. Household features include H2O and lavatory installations, electricity supply and sewerage connexions, nature of cooking fuels and type of house. Community factors would be prevalence of wellness attention and proper electricity and disposal installations. The deficiency of instruction among parents disables them from deriving an apprehension on gestation issues, every bit good as maternal and wellness attention concerns. Furthermore, the deficiency of nutrient handiness and scarceness consequences in lack of nutrition among female parents and kids, which is an of import factor to see when speaking about kid wellness. The past few old ages have shown high degrees of malnutrition among both, female parents and kids. This has been due to miss of political devotedness to turn to malnutrition, minimum investings made in nutrition sector and deficiency of a clear and focused scheme that has consecutively supplemented child mortality. Breastfeeding is of punctilious concern every bit good since harmonizing to figures gathered from WDI, it amount to merely 36 % of babes under 6-months of age being breastfed. Therefore, nutrient scarceness and deficiency of handiness of equal wellness attention and sanitation installations are the major wellness hazard factors correlated to mortality. Besides, families with lower incomes are unable to afford seeking medical advice from decently skilled physicians, and the figure of locally registered accoucheuses has besides been seen to lift by 74.7 % from 1990 to 26,225 in 2009 ( PSH Survey Data, 2009 ) .1.3 Rural-urban prejudices in Health public presentation and Indexs in PakistanThe populations populating in rural countries and those with lower incomes face troubles in availing clean H2O and sanitation installations and are exposed to environmental pollution and amendss. Better sanitation, H2O and wellness attention installations are observed to an extent in urban countries of Pakistan, but rural countries still lag behind, and face more serious diseases among kids. They face higher hazard of respiratory diseases, hence, raising infant mortality. As a affair of fact, the really contaminated life environments even undermine the consequence of instruction as it significantly affects the wellness and good being of babies and kid s. Although, even less than 30 % of population lives in urban countries of Pakistan, more wellness installations are available as a per centum of population compared to wellness installations in rural countries. ( WDI, 2009 ) The wellness sector has fundamentally grown, but merely in response to demands of the preponderantly urban categories. However, a big ground behind this is the growing in private wellness attention, which has little incentive to turn in rural countries due to widespread poorness afflicting such topographic points. Factors responsible for urban prejudice include medical instruction and the function of authorities in Pakistan. This has been due to the fact that the authorities has centred most medical instruction in urban countries and besides invested to a great extent in urban-centred wellness attention installations, taking to increased urban-rural prejudice. The deficiency of medical instruction besides affects people on the single degree. Families should besides be intelligent about public wellness instruments such as improved aeration in houses, acceptance of hygienic patterns in day-to-day operations, healthful disposal of wastes after cleansing of the cloacas, clean storage and boiling of H2O, and domicile-administration of diarrhea. The deficiency of basic medical instruction prevents this. This would be much effectual in cut downing infant mortality over clip, as people would be able to forestall common wellness jobs. One of the biggest factors making this disparity is that policies are made by the opinion categories and the under-distribution of resources in rural countries is due to entirely the distinguishable category construction in Pakistan. There is a immense disparity between the wellness attention installations provided to more privileged categories.1.4 Millennium Development Goals on Health: Performance spreads and slowdownsThe MDGs screen broad aims, including halving universe poorness and hungriness, every bit good as making cosmopolitan primary instruction, cut downing under-5 and maternal mortality by two-thirds, and halving the figure of people who without entree to safe imbibing H2O by the twelvemonth 2015. ( MDG Report, 2010 ) . Looking at the recent history of the state, accomplishing the mark MDGs for Pakistan by 2015 seems unluckily, dubious. The last decennary has seen mounting insecurity every bit good as incompatibility during General Pervez Musharraf ‘s epoch. Corruptness and offense rates have exceeded past degrees and so has poorness. Besides, there have been issues associating to freedom of media and judiciary. Budget on wellness and instruction is less than two-percent, which is non a ample sum comparing it to the abysmal rates of illiteracy and deficiency of wellness installations and trained physicians in the state. ( -via electronic beginnings ) In order to make the MDG Goal 4, the instance presented in this paper, Pakistan has the mark to cut down it to 77 by 2015, whereas the infant mortality rate is to be reduced to 40 by 2015. The 2009 rate of 70.5 for infant mortality nevertheless, reflects that there is non much likeliness of it being achieved. The proportion of kids of age less than one twelvemonth immunized against rubeolas has to increase to more than 90 % but this mark is still stuck at 80 % . However, it is a alleviation to cognize that coverage of Lady Health workers, which is to be universal by 2015, has increased to 80 % and is on the trail to be attained. ( WDI, 2009 ) However, still in some instances the complete information is non be available, the ground being that most developing states do non bring forth dependable and accurate figures on most indexs, such as on baby and kid mortality, H2O entree and poorness. Many states that are well hapless and more vulnerable, such as Pakistan, do non describe any informations on most MDGs. Even when it is available, there are compatibility issues and significant clip slowdowns are involved. Hence, bettering on informations garnering techniques and quality should be the cardinal focal point. These are indispensable non merely to accomplish MDGs but besides for single states in order to pull off their development schemes ( Bourguignon et al. , 2008 ) .1.5 Health policies in Pakistan and Initiatives for Child wellnessReforms in wellness sector of Pakistan took the signifier of five year-plans ab initio in the 1990s. The first national wellness policy was announced in 1997, with the purpose to better the well ness position of the state by supplying cosmopolitan coverage of quality wellness attention through an incorporate Primary Health Care ( PHC ) attack. The 2010 vision for the wellness sector development provides for a wide-ranging and better-quality wellness attention for all sections of society ( -via electronic beginnings ) . Priority wellness programmes include the National EPI Programme, the Prime Minister ‘s Programme for Family Planning and Primary Health Care, Maternal and Child wellness, Reproductive wellness, the National ARI and Diarrheal Disease Control Programme, Malaria Control Programme, National Tuberculosis Control Programme, National AIDS Control Programme, Nutrition, Mental wellness, Oral and Dental wellness, Health Promotion and Health Education, School Health Programme, Food Quality Control System, Food Support Programme and Food Security Programme. These last three come under the nutritionary plans for wellness. ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) The main purpose of the plans is to cut down Under-five mortality to 52 per 1000 unrecorded births, infant mortality rate to 40 per 1000 unrecorded births, and maternal mortality ratio to 140 by the twelvemonth 2015, through utilizing intercession schemes. Besides, the proportion of annual old kids immunized against rubeolas is targeted to be increased to 85 % , and proportion of births attended by skilled wellness staff is to be increased to 90 % by 2015. Schemes to battle TB, Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis and other catching diseases have besides been planned ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Over the past several old ages, the Government of Pakistan has started a figure of undertakings and plans that aim at recuperating wellness results related to female parent, newborn and child wellness. These have been initiated with both with public sector money, and planetary development associates. The undertakings comprise of the Women Health Project ( WHP ) , Pakistan Initiative of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health ( PAIMAN ) , Pakistan Health Systems Strengthening Project ( GAVI-HSS ) and National Program for Family Planning and Primary Health Care PHC/FP ( LHW Program ) . The National Program for PHC/FP is aspired to supply MNCH services at easy entree of the community and works in the way of ducting the spread amid communities and wellness installations, as a consequence, recovering the easiness towards indispensable wellness attention services through the LHWs. This has demonstrated to be successful enterprise in supplying basic wellness services at the territory degree thou gh its impact on the Maternal and Child Mortality is non really momentous ( -via electronic beginnings ) . Furthermore, to strengthen the resource spreads in the bing service rescue for seting wellness of Mother, Newborn and Child Health on the route to recovery, and to recognize MDG Goals 4 and 5, the Government of Pakistan has instigated the National Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Programme ( NMNCH ) in 2006 as good. ( National Program For Maternal Newborn and Child Health, 2006-2012 )1.6 Keywords and DefinitionsEysenck personality inventory: Expanded Program for Immunization Infant Mortality Rate ( IMR ) : The per centum of kids deceasing under one twelvemonth of age per 1000 unrecorded births. LHWs: Lady Health Workers MDGs: Millennium Development Goals ; a planetary committedness of puting up and following the mark ends towards eliminating utmost degrees of poorness. Millennium Development Goal 4: A set mark to cut down the mortality rate among kids under five by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. PSH: Pakistan Statistical Handbook WDI: World Development Indexs1.7 Study AimsThe survey will try to explicate the factors act uponing infant mortality rate It will exemplify the bing steps, every bit good as the steps that would be helpful to follow in future. It will place the hazards associated increasing infant mortality rates, as a developing state compared to the planetary universe It would place indexs which would enable take downing the IMR in Pakistan. Performance of demographic and socio-economic indexs would be assessed in order to analyze their impact and come out for policy schemes to be adopted in Pakistan to assist stabilise and lower these rates, and lead Pakistan to accomplish MDG Goal 4.Chapter 2 – Literature Reappraisal2.1 An overview of Child wellness in Developing and Developed Countries

The Human Brain Is It Interesting - 1764 Words

I’ve never learned much about Psychology yet I always found it interesting. The human brain is very interesting to me, the fact that genetics can affect if you happen to be mentally insane or even a serial killer to me is astonishing. Another idea which grabs my interest is Weber’s Law. This idea has changed the way I do things in my life using my senses, including ignoring my parents loud talking or annoying habits. I’ve also been interested in learning styles. I know the different types, but I don’t know why each person learns differently. The fact that your motivation and emotion connect to your genes and behavior is honestly absurd. Also, just the environment you grew up in could affect every other decision in your life makes sense†¦show more content†¦Such as swimming and teach or working with children or adults with special needs. Also, singing run in our family from my mother’s and father’s side, not just the enjoyment and pl easure but also the talent. Next, Sensation and perception. My favorite idea in sensation and perception is Weber’s Law or also known as the Weber–Fechner law. Weber’s Law states â€Å"that the change needed to notice a difference between two stimuli is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus. The more intense the stimulus, the more it will need to change before we notice the difference.† For example, â€Å"If you are lifting ten pounds, you only need a little more weight added on to notice the difference (1 pound to be exact). But if you were lifting 100 pounds, you will need more weight to notice the difference (10 pounds).† I like this idea because it shows the human mind is easily fooled just like if you were to show a group of people some optical illusions, only some would see both pictures within; the brain just doesn’t perceive the different images mixed into one. Another topic in psychology I find appealing is learning, specifically learning styles. I know the 3 main different styles of learning, Kinesthetic, Visual and Auditory. Kinesthetic is more of a hands-on learning style, Visual is the need to see demos or pictures to learn the information, and auditory is mainly listening to someone tell you how to do something or just learning my listening to lecture. My question is